Aquatic birds with totipalmate feet (webs connecting all 4 toes); 1st toe (hallux) not pointing backward as in most .... speci species,

Plumage satiny white with black markings; central 2 tail feathers much elongated in adult. 1 fossil genus, Prophaeton (lower Eocene of England); 1 extant genus, Phaethon ; 3 living species, worldwide in tropical oceans. Plumage blackish, juveniles and some adults with white underparts; juveniles with white heads, sometimes tinged orange. Wings very long, pointed; tail deeply forked. One extant genus, Fregata ; 5 living species, worldwide in tropical oceans. Plumage white, brown, or grey; some species crested. Wings long, broad; tail short. Bill long, hooked at tip, with enormous gular pouch suspended from highly distensible rami (lateral elements) of lower mandible. 10 fossil species in the genera Pelecanus (the earliest from lower Miocene of France) and Liptornis (middle Miocene). One extant genus, Pelecanus ; 7 living species, seacoasts and freshwater lakes of southern Africa, central and eastern Eurasia, Australia, and North America; north and west coasts of South America! . Plumage of most species white with black on wings; some brown and white; juveniles largely grey or grey-brown. Wings long and narrow, tail rather long, wedge shaped. 18 fossil species, in the genera Sula (the earliest S. Two extant genera, Sula with 6 living species, Morus with 1 species (sometimes considered 3 species, forming a superspecies); widespread but irregular distribution, on seacoasts and oceanic islands. Plumage usually blackish; some with white underparts, and a few largely grey; some species have ornamental crests or patches of white when breeding. Wings broad, tail long and stiff. 24 fossil species in the genera Graculavus (the earliest, upper Paleocene of North America), Actiornis, Pliocarbo , and Phalacrocorax . About 28 living species (and one recently extinct), all currently included in the genus Phalacrocorax ; certain Old World species have sometimes been placed in a separate genus Halietor , and the Gal gos flightless cormorant ( Phalacrocorax harris! i ) in the genus Nannopterum . Five fossil species, in the gen! era Protoplotus (the earliest from the Eocene of Sumatra), and Anhinga . One extant genus, Anhinga ; living forms have been treated as 1, 2, or 4 species and are here considered as 4 species comprising a single superspecies. Very large marine birds, with long wings and short legs. Bill long and high, with sharply pointed, toothlike projections on margins of upper and lower mandibles, continuous with bony structure of jaws (and thus not true teeth). speci species,